Table 2 Means, standard deviations, effect sizes, and ANOVA results of change in outcome at all time points

Change in primary outcome

 PROMIS pain interference

  Post-treat. minus pre-treat

 − 5.6 (5.6)

 − 1.00 (− 1.25, − .73)

 − 5.0 (5.0)

 − 1.01 (− 1.26, − .74)

 − 4.5 (6.4)

 − .71 (− .94, − .47)

F_(2,257) = .80 P = .45

BA–CT: − .11 (− .41, .19

BA–MM: − .18 (− .48, .12) MM–CT: .09 (− .21, .38)

  3 months minus pre-treat

 − 5.6 (6.2)

 − .90 (− 1.15, − .64)

 − 4.7 (5.5)

 − .86 (− 1.12, − .61)

 − 3.4 (6.2)

 − .54 (− .78, − .31)

F_(2,240) = 2.84

P = .06

BA–CT: − .15 (− .46, .16)

BA–MM: − .36 (− .67, .05)

MM–CT: .23 (− .08, .54)

  6 months minus pre-treat

 − 5.6 (7.0)

 − .80 (− 1.05, − .54)

 − 4.1 (6.0)

 − .69 (− .93, − .45)

 − 3.4 (7.4)

 − .47 (− .70, − .23)

F_(2,234) = 2.14

P = .12

BA–CT: − .23 (− .54, .08)

BA–MM: − .31 (− .62, .01)

MM–CT: .10 (− .21, .41)

Change in secondary outcomes

 Average pain intensity

  Post-treat. minus pre-treat

 − 1.3 (1.9)

 − .68 (− .91, − .44)

 − 1.0 (1.8)

 − .55 (− .78, − .32)

 − 1.2 (2.1)

 − .56 (− .78, − .33)

F_(2,257) = .51

P = .60

BA–CT: − .16 (− .46, .14)

BA–MM: − .05 (− .35, .24)

MM–CT: − .10 (− .39, .20)

  3 months minus pre-treat

 − 1.4 (2.2)

 − .62 (− .86, − .38)

 − 0.9 (1.7)

 − .53 (− .76, − .29)

 − 0.8 (1.9)

 − .43 (− .66, − .21)

F_(2,242) = 2.10

P = .12

BA–CT: − .25 (− .56, .06)

BA–MM: − .28 (− .59, .03)

MM–CT: .04 (− .26, .35)

  6 months minus pre-treat

 − 1.1 (2.0)

 − .54 (− .77, − .30)

 − 1.0 (1.9)

 − .51 (− .74, − .28)

 − 1.0 (2.0)

 − .52 (− .75, − .28)

F_(2,234) = .09

P = .91

BA–CT: − .07 (− .38, .24)

BA–MM: − .03 (− .35, .28)

MM–CT: .04 (− .35, .28)

 PROMIS sleep disturbance

  Post-treat. minus pre-treat

 − 4.9 (6.8)

 − .71 (− .95, − .47)

 − 3.5 (7.1)

 − .49 (− .71, − .27)

 − 1.7 (6.2)

 − .27 (− .48, − .06)

F_(2,257) = 4.98

P = .01

BA–CT: − .19 (− .49, .11)

BA–MM: − .49 (− .79, − .19) MM–CT: .28 (− .02, .57)

  3 months minus pre-treat

 − 4.3 (8.3)

 − .52 (− .75, − .29)

-3.5 (6.6)

-.53 (-.76, -.29)

-2.1 (7.1)

-.29 (-.51, -.07)

F_(2,241) = 1.93

P = .15

BA—CT: -.11 (-.42, .20)

BA—MM: -.29 (-.60, .02)

MM—CT: .21 (-.10, .51)

  6 months minus pre-treat

 − 4.9 (9.4)

 − .52 (− .75, − .28)

 − 4.0 (7.3)

 − .55 (− .78, − .31)

 − 3.4 (7.6)

 − .44 (− .68, − .20)

F_(2,234) = .68

P = .50

BA–CT: − .11 (− .41, .20)

BA–MM: − .18 (− .49, .14)

MM–CT: .09 (− .23, .40)

 PROMIS physical function

  Post-treat. minus pre-treat

2.1 (3.8)

.55 (.32, .77)

1.6 (3.6)

.44 (.21, .66)

1.1 (3.4)

.32 (.11, .54)

F_(2,257) = 1.66

P = .19

BA–CT: .14 (− .16, .44)

BA–MM: .28 (− .02, .57)

MM–CT: − .14 (− .43, .16)

  3 months minus pre-treat

2.7 (4.2)

.63 (.39, .87

2.0 (4.3)

.47 (.24, .70)

1.2 (4.0)

.29 (.07, .52)

F_(2,241) = 2.61

P = .08

BA–CT: .15 (− .16, .46)

BA–MM: .36 (.05, .67)

MM–CT: − .20 (− .51, .10)

  6 months minus pre-treat

2.5 (4.8)

.53 (.29, .77)

1.9 (5.6)

.34 (.12, .56)

1.3 (5.2)

.25 (.02, .47)

F_(2,234) = 1.12

P = .33

BA–CT:.12 (− .19, .43)

BA–MM: .25 (− .07, .57)

MM–CT: − .12 (− .43, .20)

 PROMIS depression

  Post-treat. minus pre-treat

 − 2.6 (6.7)

 − .38 (− .60, − .16)

 − 3.3 (7.0)

 − .46 (− .69, − .24)

 − 2.6 (7.8)

 − .33 (− .55, − .12)

F_(2,257) = .25

P = .78

BA–CT: .10 (− .20, .40)

BA–MM: .01 (− .29, .31)

MM–CT: .09 (− .21, .38)

  3 months minus pre-treat

 − 2.0 (6.4)

 − .31 (− .53, − .08)

 − 2.4 (6.9)

 − .35 (− .57, − .12)

 − 2.3 (8.2)

 − .27 (− .49, − .05)

F_(2,241) = .07

P = .93

BA–CT: .06 (− .25, .37)

BA–MM: .04 (− .27, .34)

MM–CT: .02 (− .29, .33)

  6 months minus pre-treat

 − 1.9 (7.4)

 − .25 (− .48, .03)

 − 2.3 (7.7)

 − .30 (− .52, − .08)

 − 2.2 (9.4)

 − .23 (− .46, .00)

F_(2,234) = .07

P = .94

BA–CT: .06 (− .28, .37)

BA–MM: .04 (− .28, .35)

MM–CT: .02 (− .29, .33)

 PROMIS anxiety

  Post-treat. minus pre-treat

 − 1.5 (7.2)

 − .21 (− .42, .01)

 − 2.2 (7.1)

 − .31 (− .53, − .10)

 − 2.1 (7.9)

 − .27 (− .48, − .06)

F_(2,257) = .26

P = .78

BA–CT: .10 (− .20, .40)

BA–MM: .09 (− .21, .38)

MM–CT: .01 (− .28, .31)

  3 months minus pre-treat

 − .4 (8.3)

 − .05

(− .27, .16)

 − 1.4 (8.6)

 − .16

(− .38, .06)

 − 2.2 (9.0)

 − .25

(− .46, − .02)

F_(2,242) = .84

P = .43

BA–CT: .11 (− .20, .042)

BA–MM: .20 (− .11, .51)

MM–CT: − .09 (− .40, .21)

  6 months minus pre-treat

.1 (8.9)

.1 (− .22, .23)

 − 1.8 (8.4)

 − .22 (− .44, .00)

 − 1.4 (9.4)

 − .15 (− .38, .08)

F_(2,234) = 1.00

P = .37

BA–CT: .22 (− .09, .53)

BA–MM: .16 (− .16, .48)

MM—CT: .05 (-.26, .36)

 Positive affect

  Post-treat. minus pre-treat

1.6 (3.9)

.40 (.18, .62)

1.5 (3.5)

.44 (.22, .66)

1.3 (3.0)

.44 (.22, .66)

F_(2,257) = .16

P = .86

BA—CT: .01 (-.29, .31)

BA—MM: .08 (-.22, .38)

MM—CT: -.07 (-.37, .23)

  3 months minus pre-treat

1.0 (4.1)

.23 (.01, .45)

1.4 (3.6)

.39 (.16, .61)

.4 (3.4)

.13 (− .09, .35)

F_(2,242) = 1.32

P = .27

BA–CT: − .11 (− .42, .20)

BA–MM: .14 (− .17, .44)

MM–CT: − .27 (− .58, .04)

  6 months minus pre-treat

.8 (4.2)

.19 (− .04, .41)

.7 (3.9)

.18 (− .03, .40)

1.1 (3.2)

.35 (.11, .58)

F_(2,234) = .24

P = .79

BA–CT: .02 (− .29, .33)

BA–MM: − .09 (− .40, .23)

MM–CT: .11 (− .20, .42)

 Negative affect

  Post-treat. minus pre-treat

 − 1.3 (3.3)

 − .39 (− .61, -.17)

 − 1.2 (3.2)

 − .38 (− .60, − .16)

 − .8 (4.1)

 − .20 (− .41, .01)

F_(2,257) = .45

P = .64

BA–CT: − .02 (− .32, .28)

BA–MM: − .13 (− .42, .17)

MM–CT: .11 (− .19, .41)

  3 months minus pre-treat

 − 1.0 (3.0)

 − .33 (− .55, − .10)

 − .8 (3.4)

 − .23 (− .45, − .01)

 − .5 (3.6)

 − .15 (− .36, .07)

F_(2,242) = .40

P = .68

BA–CT: − .07 (− .38, .24)

BA–MM: − .14 (− .45, .17)

MM–CT: .07 (− .24, .38)

  6 months minus pre-treat

 − 1.0 (3.9)

 − .26 (− .49, − .04)

 − .7 (3.8)

 − .20 (− .41, .02)

 − .5 (4.2)

 − .11 (− .34, .12)

F_(2,234) = .38

P = .68

BA–CT: − .07 (− .38, .24)

BA–MM: − .14 (− .45, .18)

MM–CT: .07 (− 24, .38)