Characterising smoking and nicotine use behaviours among women of reproductive age: a 10-year population study in England

Jackson, Sarah E.; Brown, Jamie; Notley, Caitlin; Shahab, Lion; Cox, Sharon

doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03311-4

Table 1 Modelled estimates of changes in smoking, use of non-combustible nicotine products, smoking characteristics, and quitting activity among women of reproductive age compared with all adults in England, from October 2013 to October 2023

From: Characterising smoking and nicotine use behaviours among women of reproductive age: a 10-year population study in England

	Overall			Social grades ABC1 (more advantaged)			Social grades C2DE (less advantaged)
	N ^a	October 2013 ^b	October 2023 ^b	N ^a	October 2013 ^b	October 2023 ^b	N ^a	October 2013 ^b	October 2023 ^b
Current smoking, % [95%CI]
Women of reproductive age	43,911	19.9 [18.5–21.5]	18.0 [16.5–19.6]	26,202	11.7 [10.2–13.5]	14.9 [13.4–16.6]	17,709	28.7 [26.3–31.2]	22.4 [19.6–25.5]
All adults	196,678	19.2 [18.5–20.0]	17.0 [16.3–17.7]	118,439	12.7 [11.9–13.6]	13.2 [12.4–13.9]	78,239	27.2 [26.0–28.4]	21.9 [20.6–23.3]
Current vaping, % [95%CI]
Women of reproductive age	44,052	5.1 [4.3–6.0]	19.7 [18.0–21.5]	26,287	3.6 [2.7–4.7]	14.9 [13.3–16.8]	17,765	6.7 [5.5–8.2]	26.7 [23.3–30.3]
All adults	197,266	4.5 [4.2–4.9]	13.2 [12.5–14.0]	118,799	3.6 [3.1–4.0]	10.4 [9.7–11.2]	78,467	5.7 [5.1–6.4]	16.9 [15.6–18.2]
Current NRT use, % [95%CI]
Women of reproductive age	44,052	2.9 [2.3–3.6]	2.5 [2.0–3.3]	26,287	2.2 [1.5–3.2]	2.1 [1.6–2.9]	17,765	3.6 [2.8–4.8]	3.1 [2.1–4.7]
All adults	197,266	3.2 [2.9–3.5]	2.9 [2.6–3.2]	118,799	2.4 [2.0–2.9]	2.4 [2.1–2.8]	78,467	4.1 [3.6–4.8]	3.5 [2.9–4.1]
Current HTP use ^c, % [95%CI]
Women of reproductive age	44,052	0.0 [0.0–0.0]	0.5 [0.2–1.0]	-	-	-	-	-	-
All adults	197,266	0.0 [0.0–0.0]	0.2 [0.1–0.3]	-	-	-	-	-	-
Current pouch use ^c, % [95%CI]
Women of reproductive age	44,052	0.0 [0.0–0.0]	0.7 [0.4–1.2]	-	-	-	-	-	-
All adults	197,266	0.0 [0.0–0.0]	0.4 [0.3–0.6]	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mainly smokes hand-rolled cigarettes ^d, % [95%CI]
Women of reproductive age	7967	40.5 [36.3–44.9]	61.4 [56.5–66.1]	3350	35.3 [28.5–42.8]	52.5 [46.0–59.0]	4617	42.8 [37.5–48.3]	68.4 [61.5–74.5]
All adults	30,133	41.8 [39.5–44.1]	54.4 [52.0–56.9]	13,180	37.2 [33.6–41.0]	49.6 [46.3–52.9]	16,953	44.2 [41.4–47.1]	58.1 [54.6–61.5]
Level of dependence ^e, geometric mean [95%CI]
Women of reproductive age	8640	1.26 [1.10–1.45]	0.88 [0.74–1.04]	3710	1.25 [0.98–1.61]	0.63 [0.49–0.80]	4930	1.25 [1.05–1.48]	1.21 [0.96–1.52]
All adults	32,987	1.16 [1.07–1.25]	0.88 [0.80–0.96]	14,748	1.08 [0.95–1.23]	0.76 [0.67–0.86]	18,239	1.20 [1.09–1.32]	0.99 [0.87–1.13]
Quit attempts ^f, % [95%CI]
Women of reproductive age	9412	44.2 [40.0–48.3]	44.9 [40.6–49.3]	4160	45.3 [38.4–52.4]	39.1 [33.9–44.7]	5252	43.8 [38.7–49.0]	49.7 [43.1–56.3]
All adults	35,456	37.5 [35.5–39.7]	36.6 [34.5–38.8]	16,225	41.1 [37.7–44.6]	34.8 [32.1–37.6]	19,231	35.3 [32.7–38.0]	38.0 [34.8–41.2]
Quit success ^g, % [95%CI]
Women of reproductive age	3629	18.8 [14.1–24.5]	31.8 [25.6–38.7]	1649	21.1 [14.1–30.4]	28.2 [21.0–36.7]	1980	17.6 [11.9–25.3]	35.1 [25.8–45.8]
All adults	11,923	16.8 [14.3–19.7]	25.4 [22.2–28.9]	5736	18.0 [14.3–22.5]	24.6 [20.6–29.1]	6187	16.0 [12.8–19.9]	26.2 [21.5–31.5]

Unmodelled estimates within each survey year are provided in Additional file 1: Table S1
CI confidence interval, HTP heated tobacco products, NRT nicotine replacement therapy
^aUnweighted sample size for each analysis. Note that there were some missing data on certain variables (smoking status n = 141; main type of cigarettes smoked n = 460; level of dependence n = 118; quit attempts n = 324); sample sizes show the number of participants contributing data to each analysis
^bData for October 2013 and October 2023 are weighted estimates of prevalence in these months (the first and last in the study period) from logistic regression with survey month modelled non-linearly using restricted cubic splines (five knots; three knots for analyses of current pouch use)
^cTrends in use of HTPs and nicotine pouches were not modelled by occupational social grade, because total numbers of women of reproductive age using these products across the study period were very small (HTPs: n = 39 ABC1, n = 33 C2DE; pouches: n = 35 ABC1, n = 8 C2DE)
^dAmong current cigarette smokers
^eAmong current smokers
^fAmong past-year smokers
^gAmong past-year smokers who made a past-year quit attempt

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ISSN: 1741-7015

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